European air passenger traffic expands +3.8% in March
Image courtesy ACI EUROPE
Passenger traffic across the European airport network increased by +3.8% in March compared to the same month last year – thus remaining broadly in line with the previous month (February at +4.2%) despite the conflict in the Middle East which started on 28th February.
However, while airports in the EU+ market1 saw passenger volumes expanding at +4.1% (vs. +3.9% in February), those in the rest of Europe2 saw growth moderating to +2.6% (vs. +5.9% in February), mainly as result of the massive impact of the conflict on Israeli airports (-86.3%).
Olivier Jankovec (above), ACI EUROPE Director General, said: “Overall, the first month of the Middle East war has once again highlighted the resilience of demand for air transport in the face of another major geopolitical shock. Many European airports lost direct connectivity to the region but those traffic flows connecting onward to Asia rapidly adapted through alternative direct and indirect routings. To some extent, this even supported intra-European traffic flows, while the transatlantic market remained extremely dynamic.
“Looking at the peak Summer months ahead of us, we do not – for now – expect a contraction of passenger volumes, unless we end up facing significant jet fuel shortages. Middle Eastern airlines are now restoring their European network while European ones have only made limited capacity adjustments – reflecting the protection afforded by fuel-cost hedging strategies and the continued resilience of demand.
“However, past the peak Summer months, the traffic outlook is effectively a black box for the industry. It all hinges on geopolitics and the fallout of the oil crisis – with the prospect of a cost-of-living shock testing demand resilience.”
National market divergences
Within the EU+ market, the best passenger traffic performances came from airports in Slovakia (+130.7%), Slovenia (+17%), Denmark (+13.8%), Malta (+12.5%) and Croatia (+10.8%).
At the other end of the spectrum, airports in Cyprus (-15.3%) were hit hard by the fallout from media coverage of the drone incident at a nearby British base – despite the actual safety situation on the island remaining stable.
Among the largest EU+ markets, airports in Italy (+4.8%) and Spain (+3.9%) posted the best results. Meanwhile, those in Germany (+3.1%), the UK (+2.8%) and France (+1.2%) underperformed the industry average, in large part due to damaging national aviation taxes.
Within the Non-EU+ market, the highest passenger traffic increases came from airports in North Macedonia (+36.3%), Moldova (+25.3%), Bosnia & Herzegovina (+21.3%), Uzbekistan (+15.9%), followed by Türkiye and Serbia (both at +11.3%).
Divergences across Majors
Amongst the Majors3, Istanbul (+7.7%) and Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen (+7.2%) posted the best passenger traffic performance in March. The Turkish hubs were closely followed by London Heathrow (+6.9%) which was the busiest European airport with 6.64 million passengers.
Spanish hubs also posted dynamic growth with Barcelona (+5.4%) ahead of Madrid (+4.2%). Growth was more modest at Frankfurt (+2.1%), Munich (+1.4%) and Amsterdam (+1.4%) – while volumes declined slightly at London Gatwick (-2.5%) and Rome-Fiumicino (-0.1%).
Small airports
Small airports (under one million passengers) continued to deliver the most contrasted results in March - as has been the case over previous months. While that segment achieved the best passenger traffic performance overall with an increase of +8.9% compared to the same month last year, they kept faring the worst when compared to pre-pandemic (2019) volumes at -32.1%.
Freight and movements
Unlike passenger traffic, Freight traffic is where the impact of the conflict in the Middle East was most visible – as large volumes of cargo usually arrive in Europe via Middle Eastern hubs. Accordingly, freight volumes at European airports decreased by -3.1% in March. This stands in stark contrast to results achieved in January (+6.4%) and February (+8.9%).
Aircraft movements increase somewhat slowed down at +1.3% compared to preceding month (February at +2%).
Data by airport groups
In March, airports welcoming more than 40 million passengers (Majors), airports welcoming between 25 and 40 million passengers (Mega), airports welcoming between 10 and 25 million passengers (Large), airports welcoming between one and 10 million passengers (Medium) and airports welcoming less than one million passengers (Small) reported an average change of +3.2%, +4.8%, +1.9%, +5.6% and +8.9% as compared to the preceding year.
The airports that reported the most dynamic growth in passenger traffic versus March 2025 are as follows:
Majors: Istanbul IST (+7.7%), Istanbul SAW (+7.2%), London LHR (+46.9%), Barcelona BCN (+5.4%), Madrid MAD (+4.2%).
Mega airports: Copenhagen CPH (+16.2), Dublin DUB (+11%), Paris ORY (+10%), Málaga AGP (+9.5%), Antalya AYT (+9.2%).
Large airports: Ankara ESB (+19.6%), Tashkent TAS (+15.9%), Izmir ADB (+15.3%), Linate LIN (+14.2%), Napoli NAP (+12.7%).
Medium airports: Reus REU (+275.5%), Bratislava BTS (+162.9%), Zadar ZAD (+78.1), Trapani TPS (+41.7%), Skopje SKP (+36.6%).
Small airports: Córdoba ODB (+4007.4%), Bucharest BBU (+530.1%%), Vaxjo VXO (+452.5%), Jönköping JKG (+400.5%) Stockholm BMA (+286.4%).
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1 EU, EEA, Switzerland and the UK.
2 Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
3 Airports over 40 million passengers.
