Image courtesy ZeroAvia

AFWERX awards aim to address research questions with specific implications for the most pressing challenges in the US Department of the Air Force (DAF).  
 
ZeroAvia will analyse the potential for developing and delivering an 8,000 lb autonomous aircraft with hydrogen-electric propulsion for reduced engine noise and low thermal signature, thus significantly reducing detectability. Hydrogen fuel cells are a promising technology for improving the range, duration and turnaround time of a range of electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV).  

 
Hydrogen has additional advantages as an aviation fuel as it can be produced at point of refueling given ready supply of electricity and water, which dramatically simplifies fuel logistics – a critical consideration for any defence applications. Finally, hydrogen has the highest energy per unit of weight of any chemical energy source, which allows for potential maximum range of over 2,000 nm (almost 4,000 km) in an autonomous aircraft of this type.  
 
Reliable Robotics - the California-based specialists in remote operation of aircraft - will support ZeroAvia in exploring relevant autonomous flight systems as part of the study.
 
The DAF began offering the Open Topic SBIR/STTR programme in 2018 which expanded the range of innovations the DAF funded and ZeroAvia has started its journey to create and provide innovative capabilities that will strengthen the national defence of the USA. The study will explore the integration potential and operational impacts of strategically important technologies in the shape of autonomy and fuel cells.  
 
ZeroAvia is advancing certification of a 600kW hydrogen-electric powertrain – ZA600, which uses fuel cells to convert hydrogen fuel into electricity to power electric motors – with civil regulators. The planned first airframe is the Cessna Caravan, manufactured by Textron. The company recently announced a significant regulatory milestone after receiving an FAA G-1 issue paper for its 600kW electric propulsion system.  
 
Val Miftakhov, Founder and CEO, ZeroAvia said: “It is a hugely important signal to see the US Air Force exploring the potential application of hydrogen fuel cells and electric propulsion in heavy unmanned aircraft. This feasibility study will provide greater insight into how hydrogen fuel cell propulsion can reduce detectability and costs of air operations, enhance capability of autonomous air vehicles and derisk fuel supply in forward operating environments.”